Richard poore



v(No Model.)

RY. POORE. HOLLOW STUD 0R RIVET.

No. 005,010. A Patented May 31, -1008.

Jay. 7'

UNITED STATES PATENT OEEICE.

RICHARD POORE, OF LONDON, ENGLAND, ASSIGNOR TO LIONEL CUTHBERT CROPPER,OF SAME PLACE.

HOLLOW STUD OR RIVET.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 605,010, datedy May 31,1898.

Application filed December v2, 1897. Serial No. 660,515. (No model.)

To all whom, it may concern:

Be it known that I, RICHARD POORE, manufacturer, of 33 Chaucer road,Herne Hill,x London, England, have invented certain newV and usefulImprovements in Hollow Studs or Rivets, of which the following is aspecication.

The object of this invention is to produce hollow studs or rivets in asimple and economical manner.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 shows in plan view, and Fig. lain edge view, the blank stamped out from a sheet of metal. Fig. 2 showsthe rst operation in order to produce a cylindrical stud. Fig. 3 showsthe cylindrical stud in elevation, and Fig. 4 the same in plan view.Fig. 5 'shows in elevation, and Fig. 6 in plan view, approximately theshape the hollow stud or rivet will assume when in use; and Fig. 7 showsin section a'portion of material with the stud or rivet in position.

In the several figures the 'shape produced is somewhat exaggerated toshow more clearly the nature of the invention.

These hollow studs or rivets are more particularly intended for theproduction of a wearing-surface for the soles and heels of boots andshoes, consisting of small plugs of leather cut from the leather of thesole or heel by driving the stud into the leather and which are thusforced in the studs and become compressed, the ring of metal serving"not only to hold them firmly in position, but also as part of thewearing-surface.

The studs hitherto employed have been headed studs driven through thesole from the back; but this form of stud has been found to presentinconveniences which the present invention is designed to overcome.

To this end this invention consists in forming tubular or hollow studsor rivets with a number of teeth or points at the entering end, soarranged that when the studs are being driven the teeth or points willspread out in the material, ythus forming,'as it were, heads in themiddle, say, of the thickness of the same, and at the same time eachhollow stud becomes iilled with a plug of compressed material, which isnot severed from the main portion of the material.

In carrying out this invention the blank A, as shown in Fig. 1, is cutfrom a sheet of steel or other suitable metal. The action of thestamping is to form a bur a on the under side of the blank at each pointand give each point a slight curve or inclination downward, I as seen ata1, Fig. la. The blank is next placed in a suitable die with the bursdownward and is stampedto the U shape seen at 6o Fig. 2. Then by anotheroperation in another die the arms of the U are closed in, so as toproduce a cylinder, with the points turning slightly outward, as seen ata2 in Figs. 3 and 4. The stud thus completed is driven into the leatherof the sole or heel from the front, and during the driving operation theoutwardly-turned points spread and cut their way laterally into theleather, as seen at a4 in the sectional view, Fig. 7.

Figs. 5 and 6 show the approximate shape which these studs or rivetsassume after being driven and which has been ascertained by cutting suchdriven rivets from a piece of leather.

It may be here remarked that it is not intended t0 conine the use ofsuch hollow studs or rivets to the production of wearing-surfaces forthesoles and heels of boots and shoes, as they may be employed for anypurpose for 8o which they may be suitable.

I claim- As an improved article of manufacture, a stud struck up from asingle piece of metal and having a hollow body portion and a se- 85 riesof teeth formed thereon, the said teeth being curved or liaredoutwardly, whereby upon driving the stud into a material which it is toreinforce, the teeth will be caused to spread by the resistance offeredthereto so as 9o to form a retaining-head embedded within the material,the said material inclosed by the said stud being crowded more compactlyto form with the body portion of the stud a durable wearing-surface,substantially as de- 95 scribed.

RICHARD POORE.

Witnesses:

H. K. WHITE, H. F. GoL'rz.

